Hi,
I was successful in location the culprit. It is the gearwheel of the right turntable, that cracked. This changes the spacing of the gear teeth and creates the noise. It also leads to an increased force once per revolution and so the drive slips a little creating the crushing of the tape.
I have searched the web but it seems, those parts used to be available as spare parts but are not any more.
My gearwheel had a total of three cracks, only one opened fully. This seems to be an issue with the manufacturing process.