Government money for dentists (NHS) goes to your local Primary Care Trust (PCT). It's up to the PCT to provide enough NHS dentists in the area and if a NHS dentist goes private then their allocated government funds go back to the PCT.
A lot of dentists do both private and NHS work.
Regarding the charges on NHS, the following apply (from
http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/AboutNH...stsFAQs.aspx):
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From April 1 2009, if you are not exempt from charges, you should pay one of the following rates for each course of treatment you receive:
Band 1 course of treatment
£16.50 - This covers an examination, diagnosis (eg: x-rays), advice on how to prevent future problems, and a scale and polish if needed.
Urgent treatment when you need to see a dentist immediately also costs £16.50.
Band 2 course of treatment
£45.60 - This covers everything listed in Band 1, above, plus any further treatment such as fillings, root canal work or if your dentist needs to take out one or more of your teeth.
Band 3 course of treatment
£198 - This covers everything listed in Bands 1 and 2 above, plus crowns, dentures or bridges.
These are the only dental charges your dentist should ask you to pay when you are having NHS treatment.
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So the most you pay for any course of NHS treatment should be £198, regardless of how many visits that course takes or what it is you're having done.
Thanks
Jon