How do you think cabinet construction materials affect the sound eg MDF against Birch ply or composites.
Ideally they shouldn't affect the sound at all, you want the sound to come from the speaker, not the cabinet. Unfortunately, the cabinet will add resonance it's just a question of minimising it as much as possible.
how much does the enclosure shape affect the speaker sound eg Cube vs Rectangle vs pyramid vs sphere vs cylinder etc
Take a look here at the results of different enclosure shapes. It will give you some insights into why the B&W Nautilus range is shaped the way it is.
http://members.aol.com/kmetaverso/graphs.htm
which enclosure design offers the best freq response eg vented vs sealed vs horn.
Depends on what tradeoffs you're prepared to live with! For example a sealed cabinet will have a better group delay response than a vented cabinet which will give a 'tighter' sound, however, a vented cabinet will have a lower frequency response than a sealed cabinet due to the output from the port at it's resonance frequency.
plus anything else you might think is relavant.
There are a number of good books on the subject, take a look at the bookshop section of Wilmslow Audio.
https://secure.wilmslow-audio.co.uk/acatalog/Wilmslow_Audio_Books_on_Loudspeakers_9.html